Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Pertussis. Let’s dive in!
Unstoppable coughs with higher mortality in younger age groups. Learn all about the causes, symptoms, and prevention of pertussis!
Lately, as the seasons change, many of us may feel our bodies struggling to adapt. You might also notice people around you suffering from persistent, long-term coughs.
Despite multiple visits to the doctor and taking medications, the cough refuses to stop. Something seems suspicious, right? Recently, I saw a news report that highlighted the sharp rise in pertussis cases.
One of its distinct features is a relentless cough that continues for 2–3 months without any signs of improvement.
If you’ve heard of pertussis but aren’t sure what it is, here’s a simple explanation: it’s a disease nicknamed for the 100-day cough.
A Growing Number of Cases in the US and Worldwide
According to the WHO, pertussis cases have been on the rise globally. For example, the US reported a steady increase in confirmed pertussis cases in recent years. This aligns with broader concerns about its spread worldwide, emphasizing the need for vigilance and prevention.
What is Pertussis (Whooping Cough)?
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough (scientifically called pertussis or Bordetella pertussis infection), is an acute respiratory disease that only affects humans.
The name “pertussis” refers to the characteristic whooping sound made during episodes of coughing.
Classified as a Category II Notifiable Infectious Disease, pertussis is highly contagious, demanding careful attention to its prevention and management.
The disease originates from the Bordetella pertussis bacteria, which infect the respiratory system, attach to the cilia in the airways, and produce toxins that impair cellular functions. This causes airway inflammation, leading to the characteristic symptoms.
How Does Pertussis Spread?
Pertussis only occurs in humans, with no known animal or insect hosts. It spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, making close contact a primary risk factor.
The disease is highly infectious, with an 80% secondary attack rate within households. Its infectious period is highest during the initial catarrhal stage (the first phase of the illness) and the first two weeks of coughing.
What Are the Symptoms of Pertussis?
The incubation period is typically 7–20 days, and the illness progresses through three stages over 6–8 weeks:
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Catarrhal Stage (1–2 weeks)
- Most contagious period
- Symptoms: mild cough, nasal congestion, low fever, watery eyes, and cold-like symptoms.
-
Paroxysmal Stage (2–4 weeks or more)
- Sudden bouts of intense coughing, often ending with a “whoop” sound.
- Symptoms: red face, vomiting after coughing, thick mucus, and severe fatigue.
-
Convalescent Stage (1–2 weeks or longer)
- Gradual recovery with fewer cough episodes.
How Can We Prevent Pertussis? Vaccination is Key!
The most effective way to prevent pertussis is through timely vaccination.
Standard Vaccination Schedule
-
Infants and Young Children
- 2, 4, and 6 months (DTaP vaccine)
- Booster doses:
- At 15–18 months
- At 4–6 years
- Combination vaccines like DTaP-IPV and others are available for convenience.
-
Adolescents and Adults
- 11–12 years: Tdap booster
- Every 10 years thereafter: Tdap or Td booster
-
Pregnant Women
- Best time: Between 27–36 weeks of pregnancy for optimal antibody transfer to the baby.
- A single dose during each pregnancy is recommended, regardless of prior vaccination history.
Additional Preventive Measures
- Avoid crowded places for unvaccinated infants.
- Stay away from individuals with pertussis symptoms.
- Disinfect items contaminated by respiratory secretions.
- Family members or close contacts of pertussis patients may need preventive antibiotics, regardless of vaccination status.
5 Rules for Preventing Respiratory Infections
-
Practice Cough Etiquette:
- Wear a mask if you have respiratory symptoms.
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or sleeve when coughing.
-
Wash Your Hands Properly:
- Use soap and water for at least 30 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching surfaces.
-
Avoid Touching Your Face with Unwashed Hands:
- Especially your eyes, nose, and mouth.
-
Ventilate Indoor Spaces Frequently:
- Keep fresh air circulating to reduce airborne transmission.
-
Seek Medical Attention for Symptoms:
- If you have a fever or persistent cough, visit a healthcare provider promptly.
The best defense against pertussis and other respiratory infections is maintaining good personal hygiene. Consistently practice proper handwashing and be mindful of cough etiquette.
Let’s stay healthy and support one another with care. 😊
Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖
This content is for informational purposes only and does not hold any individual or entity legally responsible. For accurate diagnosis and treatment of symptoms, please visit a nearby medical institution. This does not represent my final medical opinion and may vary depending on specific circumstances and evolving medical perspectives.
