Showing posts with label Causes. Show all posts

Know It in Advance, Be Prepared! Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention of Stroke

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Stroke. Let’s dive in!

Stroke is a sudden condition that can leave behind serious complications.
It doesn’t only occur in older people—it can affect anyone due to poor lifestyle habits. Just a few days ago, Pope Francis passed away due to heart failure caused by a stroke.

But the good news is that stroke is largely preventable through proper health management. So, knowing the signs and preparing in advance is more important than anything else.

In this post, we’ll go over the causes, symptoms, and prevention methods for stroke.

| What is a Stroke?

Stroke refers to a group of brain-related vascular disorders. It occurs when the blood flow in the brain is suddenly disrupted, leading to symptoms like loss of consciousness, motor issues, sensory problems, or disruption of vital functions. This can result in death or serious long-term effects.

| Types of Stroke by Cause

There are many causes of stroke, but most fall into two main categories: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.

Ischemic stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked, preventing blood flow to certain parts of the brain. This includes cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, and transient ischemic attacks (TIA).
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel bursts, blocking blood flow and putting pressure on the brain due to the bleeding.

Among ischemic strokes, cerebral thrombosis is the most common. It’s often caused by arteriosclerosis as we age, narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow. When a clot made of cholesterol and platelets forms in the brain vessels, it gradually blocks the area, leading to stroke—especially in people with high blood pressure. It often occurs during rest.

Cerebral embolism is when a clot formed outside the brain travels to the brain and blocks a vessel suddenly. It usually happens in people with heart conditions like valve disease or arrhythmia.

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are temporary disruptions in blood flow to the brain. They can cause short-term numbness or speech problems that recover within hours. However, repeated TIAs significantly increase the risk of a full stroke.

Hemorrhagic stroke has a high fatality rate. It often presents as sudden dizziness, headaches, vomiting, and limb numbness, sometimes leading to coma. It tends to happen during activity, especially in people with high blood pressure, stress, or physical strain, and occurs more often during the day than at night.

When the bleeding is limited to the membrane surrounding the brain, it’s called a subarachnoid hemorrhage. It often causes extreme headache and vomiting. It has an even higher fatality and recurrence rate than regular brain bleeding. It’s usually triggered by congenital brain aneurysms or malformations, and can also occur during bowel movements, lifting heavy objects, or intense physical activities—especially in younger people.

| 7 Rules to Prevent Stroke

Manage your blood pressure.
High blood pressure is the most dangerous risk factor. Ignoring it is like waiting for a stroke to happen.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Obesity and excess weight are key causes of stroke and other chronic diseases.
Quit smoking.
Once you quit, your risk for stroke, heart disease, and cancer starts to drop. After 1 year, the risk is cut by 50%, and after 5 years, it’s similar to a non-smoker’s.
Exercise regularly.
Those who exercise for at least 30 minutes a day are about 2.7 times less likely to suffer a stroke.
Improve your diet.
Eat low-sodium, low-calorie meals, and focus on vegetables and fish. Avoid salty or cholesterol-rich foods. Eating fruits, vegetables, and fish rich in folic acid and vitamins can reduce stroke risk by up to two-thirds.
Stop drinking alcohol.
While a glass of wine may aid circulation, habitual drinking—regardless of the type—raises stroke risk by three times.
Keep your body and mind warm.
Kind and happy people are less likely to experience strokes. Protecting your body temperature, especially in winter, is crucial, as stroke rates rise in colder weather.

| Foods That Help Prevent Stroke

Diet plays a crucial role in stroke prevention.
Avoid high-calorie animal fats and salty foods. Eat a balanced diet with fresh vegetables, seaweed, and whole grains.

Common foods in our diet that promote blood circulation and reduce stroke risk include garlic, onions, chives, and wild chives. These contain enzymes that transform into allicin, which increases HDL (good cholesterol) and lowers triglycerides and LDL (bad cholesterol).

Nutrients like anthocyanins, beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin C found in black beans, pumpkin, tomatoes, carrots, tangerines, and lemons help blood flow, prevent blood vessel aging, and promote energy and vitality.

Salmon, mackerel, oysters, clams, shrimp, and seaweed are rich in DHA, omega-3 fatty acids, taurine, and tyrosine, all of which help prevent blood clots and arteriosclerosis.

| Changing Daily Habits

A stroke can destroy brain tissue, lead to death, or cause irreversible damage. That’s why ancient wisdom emphasized prevention over cure. Recognizing your personal risk factors and changing your lifestyle before a stroke occurs is essential.

Stroke can happen to anyone. Though it seems sudden, most strokes develop slowly over time.
Check your current lifestyle and environment. If you take active steps now, you can avoid the fear of stroke altogether.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

This content is for informational purposes only and does not hold any individual or entity legally responsible. For accurate diagnosis and treatment of symptoms, please visit a nearby medical institution. This does not represent my final medical opinion and may vary depending on specific circumstances and evolving medical perspectives.

What You Need to Know About Angelman Syndrome : Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Prevention Strategies

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Angelman Syndrome. Let’s dive in!

Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Prevention Strategies

What is Angelman Syndrome?

Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects brain development. It causes severe intellectual disabilities, difficulties in speech, problems with movement and balance, and unique behavioral characteristics.

It was first described by British pediatrician Dr. Harry Angelman in 1965. Most children start showing signs between 6 to 12 months, with clear developmental delays becoming more noticeable as they grow.

Thanks to advancements in genetic testing, early diagnosis is now more possible than ever.

Causes of Angelman Syndrome

This condition is linked to a problem with the UBE3A gene on chromosome 15, which plays a key role in brain function.

Maternal gene deletion (about 70% of cases)
Paternal uniparental disomy (2–4%)
Gene mutations or structural abnormalities

In AS, the brain doesn’t receive the protein it needs from the mother’s copy of the gene, leading to neurological issues.

Common Symptoms of Angelman Syndrome

Children with Angelman Syndrome may show:

Small head size (microcephaly)
Severe delays in speech
Motor coordination problems
Developmental delays in sitting, walking, etc.
Frequent smiling and a happy, excitable personality
Seizures (epilepsy) in over 80% of cases
Sleep disturbances

These symptoms can vary but are key in reaching a diagnosis.

Treatment Options

Although there's no cure yet, early intervention and supportive care can improve the quality of life.

Antiepileptic medications for seizure control
Speech therapy using AAC devices, gestures, and visual aids
Physical therapy to support mobility and balance
Behavioral therapy for improving social and focus skills
Early intervention programs to support development

Prevention and Support Strategies

While Angelman Syndrome cannot be fully prevented, here are steps to manage it early:

Genetic testing before pregnancy, especially with family history
Early diagnosis through observation of delays and professional testing
Emotional support for families—join support groups or talk to specialists
Regular rehabilitation therapy to maintain and improve function

Angelman Syndrome may be rare, but it deeply affects the lives of patients and their families.

What may first seem like a developmental delay could be something more. That’s why early diagnosis, ongoing therapy, and public awareness are so important.

If society becomes more understanding and support systems continue to grow, children with Angelman Syndrome will have a much brighter future.

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Autism. Let’s dive in!

Autism is a developmental disorder where delays or abnormalities occur in areas such as social skills, language, and communication development compared to others.

Typically, signs begin to appear before the age of 3. These may include delayed language expression and comprehension, weak attachment behaviors with parents, and low interest in play compared to other children.

After age 3, symptoms may become more pronounced, such as a significant lack of interest in peers, repetitive behaviors, restricted play activities, and delays in cognitive development.

About 75% of children with autism also have intellectual disabilities, and seizure disorders are frequently observed as well.

Current research into the causes of autism includes neurological theories—such as increased total brain volume and abnormalities in the temporal lobe—and biochemical theories involving neurotransmitters.

The most recognizable symptoms of autism include difficulties in social interactions and impairments in language and communication.

Repetitive behaviors (known as "stimming") and emotional instability are also common. In most cases, autism is accompanied by some level of intellectual disability.

Effective treatment for autism requires an integrated approach, and outcomes are generally better when therapy begins at an early age.

During infancy, therapy should focus on strengthening attachment between the caregiver and child. In the toddler years, behavior-based therapy that promotes social interaction, along with play therapy and language training, is recommended.

Between the ages of 4 and 6, a variety of interventions should be applied, including group play therapy and social skills training. At this stage, medication may also be considered to address hyperactivity and repetitive behaviors.

In elementary school years, consistent support is needed to help children develop social skills, cognitive learning abilities, and verbal communication.

For younger children, it's more important for parents to actively interact with their child—taking into account their unique traits and preferences—than to rely heavily on medication.

Unproven treatments that make unrealistic promises are usually unhelpful. It's best to consult with a child psychiatrist to discuss treatments that have been shown to be effective.

Regular medical evaluations and proper medical care are also important throughout the treatment process.

Medications can be especially helpful for managing symptoms such as attention difficulties, behavioral regulation, emotional control, sleep issues, eating habits, and sensory processing challenges.

For example, Professor Temple Grandin, who is on the autism spectrum, underwent years of treatment during childhood and adolescence to reduce sensory sensitivity and improve emotional regulation. She has said that these treatments were highly beneficial.

Autism is generally a lifelong condition, meaning that continuous management is necessary even after early interventions.

However, if the individual has an IQ of 70 or above and possesses language skills similar to those of a 5–7-year-old, a much more favorable prognosis can be expected with consistent treatment.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

Causes, Symptoms, and the Importance of Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Let’s dive in!

Janet (41), who lives in New York, finally visited a mental health clinic she had been meaning to go to for a long time. Whenever she got fixated on something, she found herself trapped in those thoughts all day long, unable to focus on work, and even losing sleep. She felt her symptoms were getting worse and finally gathered the courage to seek help.

Recently, she had a new bathroom sink installed due to a leak. But even after the repair, she couldn’t stop worrying that it might be leaking again. She kept checking it every few minutes, but the anxiety wouldn’t go away. There were even several times when she went back home from work just to make sure the air conditioner or heater was turned off. Sometimes, she would jump out of bed in the middle of the night to check if her belongings were in the right place, just to feel at ease.

She also experienced frequent anxiety about events that hadn’t even happened yet, excessive health worries, and insomnia triggered by endless “what if” thoughts. Although she had gone through this for over a decade, she dismissed it as part of her sensitive and perfectionist personality. But when her symptoms led to heart palpitations and dizziness, she finally consulted a specialist. She was diagnosed with a combination of OCD, anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. She is now undergoing treatment with two types of prescribed medication.

OCD is more common than we think — and easy to overlook

Most people experience a little bit of obsession or compulsiveness. But even when anxiety, depression, or obsessive thoughts become persistent, many people simply brush it off as a passing mood. If someone is known for being “a perfectionist” or “detail-oriented,” they might think it’s just their personality. However, if the symptoms continue to worsen, start affecting others, or interfere with daily life, that’s when it becomes a condition that requires professional help.

What exactly is OCD?

Simply put, OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) involves repeated thoughts or actions that feel impossible to control. These compulsions create anxiety or discomfort unless acted upon. OCD is classified under what’s commonly known as “neuroses.”

A small amount of obsessive behavior can actually help in daily life, but when it becomes too intense, it turns into a disorder that not only affects the person suffering but also those around them. Although those with OCD often recognize that their actions or thoughts are irrational, they still feel compelled to act on them. Trying to suppress these impulses often worsens the anxiety.

How common is OCD?

OCD is relatively common. Lifetime prevalence is estimated at around 2–3%, and about 10% of psychiatric outpatients suffer from it. Despite being widespread, only a small number of those affected seek treatment. On average, people don’t get help until 7.5 years after their symptoms begin. It often starts during adolescence or early adulthood, but adult-onset is also possible.

It frequently coexists with other mental health conditions such as depression and social anxiety disorder. OCD may also occur alongside alcohol abuse, specific phobias, panic disorder, eating disorders, autism, and Tourette’s syndrome.

What are the symptoms of OCD?

Symptoms vary widely, but a common trait is repeating certain thoughts or behaviors even when the person knows they’re irrational. About 75% of people with OCD experience both obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

Common symptoms include:

Obsessive thoughts about contamination (e.g., repeated handwashing, avoiding “dirty” objects)
Doubting thoughts that lead to compulsive checking (e.g., checking locks, appliances)
Repetitive thoughts involving inappropriate sexual or violent content
A need for symmetry or precision (e.g., arranging objects in a specific order)
Intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts about existential matters like life, death, or religion

What causes OCD?

From a biological standpoint, OCD is thought to be linked to abnormal activity of serotonin in the brain. That’s why medications targeting serotonin are often used in treatment. On the other hand, OCD can also be learned behavior reinforced by trauma or repeated experiences. For example, someone who has experienced a serious accident might become obsessively focused on preventing a similar event.

So although it may seem like a psychological issue, OCD has strong biological roots.

When should you seek treatment?

This is an important question. Some people think their behavior is just a personality trait or a quirk, and they try to live with the discomfort. But if the distress is long-term and affects daily life, seeking help can make a significant difference.

If you suspect OCD, it's important to get evaluated and determine whether it’s a personality trait or something that requires treatment.

Initially, people may wonder if treatment can even help. But once they receive the right medications and therapy, many find that their symptoms improve and their quality of life changes dramatically. If you suspect even mild OCD, it’s worth visiting a clinic, speaking to a professional, and starting treatment tailored to your needs.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

All About Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's Disease

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ASL) or Lou Gehrig's Disease. Let’s dive in!

A condition that selectively destroys only motor neurons

Definition

ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a condition in which only motor neurons are selectively destroyed. It progressively damages both the upper motor neurons (in the cerebral cortex) and the lower motor neurons (in the brainstem and spinal cord).

The clinical symptoms typically begin with slowly progressing weakness and muscle wasting in the limbs. As the disease advances, it eventually leads to respiratory muscle paralysis and death within a few years.

ALS occurs in about 1 to 2 people per 100,000 annually. The onset of the disease increases in people in their late 50s, and it is 1.4 to 2.5 times more common in men than in women.

Causes

The exact cause of ALS is still unknown, but several theories have been proposed. Around 5–10% of all ALS cases are familial (inherited), and about 20% of those familial cases show a genetic mutation on chromosome 21.

So far, mutations in eight different genes have been identified as causes of familial ALS.

For sporadic ALS (non-inherited), a process called excitotoxicity—cell death triggered by excessive stimulation—appears to play a key role.

Other possible causes include viral infections and exposure to environmental toxins, though no direct evidence has been confirmed yet.

Symptoms

ALS is a fatal disease that starts with gradually worsening weakness and muscle wasting in the limbs, eventually progressing to respiratory muscle paralysis and death within a few years.

As upper motor neurons are destroyed, damage spreads through motor pathways like the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts. This causes symptoms in areas such as the face, trunk, and limbs depending on which part of the brainstem and spinal cord is affected. These symptoms are collectively known as upper motor neuron syndrome.

At the same time, damage to the lower motor neurons located in the anterior horns of the spinal cord causes additional symptoms known as lower motor neuron syndrome.

A key symptom includes partial contraction of the tongue muscles, which can cause choking, coughing while eating, and a higher risk of aspiration pneumonia (when food or liquids accidentally enter the lungs).

Breathing difficulties may occur due to weakening of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. When the diaphragm is weakened, especially while lying down, the abdominal organs can press up into the chest cavity and make breathing harder.

Some patients may also experience cognitive impairment.

Diagnosis and Testing

ALS is primarily diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. A neurologist will look for signs of both upper and lower motor neuron involvement to make a clinical diagnosis.

Tests like nerve conduction studies and electromyography (EMG) are used to confirm ALS.

To rule out other neurological or muscular disorders with similar symptoms, imaging such as MRI scans of the brain or cervical spine may be done, as well as muscle biopsies.

Various blood tests may also be performed to help identify potential causes.

Treatment

Although multiple drugs are being developed based on the known mechanisms and progression of ALS, no treatment has yet shown definitive effectiveness.

The only FDA-approved medication currently is riluzole (brand name Rilutek), which can prolong survival by a few months. However, it has not been proven to improve quality of life or restore muscle strength.

Prognosis and Complications

The average life expectancy after diagnosis is 3 to 4 years. However, about 10% of patients show a milder progression and may survive for more than 10 years.

Research is ongoing to identify the factors that contribute to long-term survival.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

What Is Popcorn Lung? Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention Tips

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Popcorn Lung. Let’s dive in!

Understanding Popcorn Lung – What It Really Is

Bronchiolitis obliterans, also known as popcorn lung, is a rare but serious lung condition that damages the smallest airways in your lungs, called bronchioles. The condition causes these airways to become inflamed, scarred, and narrowed—usually due to inhaling harmful chemicals or from certain infections. It is also referred to as obliterative bronchiolitis or constrictive bronchiolitis.

Why Is It Called “Popcorn Lung”?
The nickname “popcorn lung” came after the disease was first identified in workers at a microwave popcorn factory. These workers were exposed to diacetyl, a buttery-flavored chemical used in popcorn.

Similar cases were later found in workers from other industries where diacetyl was used, and even among people who used e-cigarettes or vapes. The same condition was also seen in employees at coffee roasting plants.

Who Is Most at Risk of Developing Popcorn Lung?
People who are often exposed to harmful airborne chemicals—especially in workplaces or through vaping—have a higher risk of developing popcorn lung.

Medical factors associated with popcorn lung:

Viral infections like RSV, bronchitis, or pneumonia
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis
Receiving an organ transplant

How Common Is This Condition?
Although rare, popcorn lung can affect anyone, especially those exposed to chemicals or infections. In transplant patients, it may even occur without direct exposure to harmful substances.

About 50% of lung transplant recipients develop bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome within five years. Around 10% of bone marrow transplant recipients also face similar risks.

What Is Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome?

This syndrome causes a gradual decline in lung function due to scarring in the small airways. It’s the most common type of chronic lung rejection in lung transplant patients.

It can start out looking like a simple infection, and symptoms progress at different rates for different people. Spirometry tests are used to assess how much lung function is affected.

What Are the Symptoms and What Causes Them?
Typical symptoms of popcorn lung include:

Persistent coughing, especially during or after exercise (with or without mucus)
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Fatigue
Fever
Night sweats
Rash on the skin

In some cases, people may show no symptoms at all during early stages.

Why Does Popcorn Lung Happen?
Popcorn lung is not an infectious disease—you can’t catch it or spread it to others.

The most common cause is inhaling toxic chemicals like diacetyl. Exposure can occur through workplace environments or vaping. The vapor from e-cigarettes can affect not only users but also people nearby.

In some lung transplant patients, the disease occurs even without exposure to chemicals or infections.

How Is Popcorn Lung Diagnosed by Doctors?
Since symptoms like breathlessness or fatigue are also found in many other conditions, your doctor will likely perform a range of tests, including:

Chest X-ray or CT scan
Lung function testing
Bronchoscopy
Lung biopsy

These help confirm a diagnosis and rule out other illnesses.

What Are the Treatment Options for Popcorn Lung?
There is no cure for popcorn lung, and once damage occurs, it’s often not reversible. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms.

If you are exposed to harmful chemicals at work, always wear proper protective gear. If you vape or smoke, it’s essential to quit.

Treatment options may include:

Corticosteroids (like prednisone) to reduce inflammation
Inhalers (like albuterol) to ease breathing
Oxygen therapy
Lung transplant (only in very severe cases)

Side Effects of Using Steroid Medications
While corticosteroids are helpful, they can come with unwanted side effects, such as:

Weight gain
Mood swings
Nervousness
Sleep problems
Worsening or triggering of diabetes

How to Protect Yourself From Popcorn Lung
To lower your risk, start by taking care of your lungs.
Here are a few tips:

Avoid smoking, vaping, and secondhand smoke
Stay away from polluted areas
Wash your hands regularly to avoid infections
Keep up with vaccinations
If you work in hazardous environments, wear the right safety gear

Long-Term Outlook for Popcorn Lung Patients
Popcorn lung is a chronic condition, meaning lifelong care is usually needed. Treatments may help manage symptoms, but full recovery is rare.

Self-Care Tips for Living with Popcorn Lung

Avoid smoke and air pollutants
Stay away from sick people
Wash hands frequently to avoid catching infections
Get treated quickly if you become ill—even for dental infections
Take all medications as prescribed
Let your doctor know if you experience acid reflux (GERD)

Joining a support group may help you and your loved ones deal with the emotional and practical challenges of living with a chronic illness.

When Should You See a Doctor?
If you experience breathing problems that don’t improve with your usual inhaler—or if new or worse symptoms develop—contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

Causes and Symptoms of Amniotic Fluid Embolism, and How to Prevent It

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE). Let’s dive in!

When a mother gives birth to a healthy baby after enduring long hours of labor, the entire family is filled with joy—and it's a sight that brings happiness to anyone watching.

However, there is a rare but devastating condition called amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), where the mother, shortly after intense labor or childbirth, suddenly experiences massive bleeding without fever, which can lead to death.

Today, let’s take a closer look at the causes and symptoms of amniotic fluid embolism, treatment options, prognosis, and prevention methods.

Cause

Amniotic fluid embolism is an unpredictable and uncontrollable condition that occurs in approximately 1 out of every 20,000 pregnant women. It typically develops during the late stages of labor or immediately after delivery, when bleeding is observed at the site of tissue damage.

This happens when amniotic fluid enters the mother's bloodstream, causing a hypersensitive reaction to fetal tissues and fluid. It can also trigger physiological responses similar to those seen in sepsis.

Ultimately, it can lead to serious organ damage—including the lungs and heart—and in severe cases, may result in the death of the mother. It is considered a medical emergency.

Symptoms

Common symptoms include sudden cardiorespiratory failure, low blood pressure, seizures, and breathing difficulties during labor or after delivery.

In rarer cases, symptoms such as coughing, headache, and chest pain may occur. Even if the mother survives, complications like disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can develop, leading to excessive bleeding and multiple organ failure.

It is similar to the sudden onset of stroke or heart attack in patients with high blood pressure—an unexpected, life-threatening situation. The mortality rate for this condition is reported to be as high as 86%.

Treatment

The most critical aspect of treatment for amniotic fluid embolism is to maintain oxygen supply and support the weakened heart function of the mother. Unfortunately, there is no clearly established treatment method known to significantly improve outcomes.

If symptoms such as breathing difficulties appear around 30 minutes before or after delivery, doctors may suspect AFE. Tests like blood clotting assessments and chest X-rays can help provide clues.

If the mother is already in cardiac arrest, an emergency cesarean section is often performed to save the baby. Intravenous medications such as dopamine may also be administered to stabilize blood pressure and heart function.

Prognosis

Amniotic fluid embolism is a critical emergency that requires urgent intervention. If not managed properly, it can result in maternal death or fetal death, and even after successful treatment, there’s a high risk of developing complications.

This condition can occur at any stage during pregnancy, but about 70% of cases are known to happen during vaginal delivery.

The maternal mortality rate is around 60%, and among the survivors, many experience neurological aftereffects. The survival rate for the baby is approximately 70%, although this may vary depending on the situation.

Prevention

Because the exact cause of amniotic fluid embolism is not yet clearly understood, it is very difficult to predict or prevent—making it a potentially tragic condition for both the mother and her family.

However, some risk factors include advanced maternal age, cesarean delivery, vacuum-assisted delivery, preeclampsia, and placenta previa. Therefore, regular prenatal checkups are crucial to detect and prepare for any possible complications in advance.

Childbirth is always a high-stress and high-risk process. But with awareness of the typical clinical signs and symptoms, early detection and careful monitoring can make a big difference. Always make prevention a priority.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

Obesity Treatments and 9 Healthy Habits to Prevent Weight Gain

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Obesity Treatments and Healthy Habits to Prevent Weight Gain. Let’s dive in!

We can’t say that obesity has nothing to do with genetics passed down from our parents. However, obesity is influenced far more by environmental factors than by genetic ones. In rare cases, obesity may result from congenital or endocrine disorders, but in those cases, weight gain is a symptom of a medical condition, not a lifestyle issue.

In most cases, obesity is caused by lifestyle habits—such as poor eating patterns or lack of exercise. When both parents are obese, the likelihood of their children also becoming obese is over 80%. But this is not due to genetics—it's because children tend to adopt the same lifestyle habits they observe from their parents.

The Cause of Yo-Yo (Weight Cycling) Effect

Your survival instinct triggers the brain’s appetite center
It’s a basic fact: you gain weight when you eat more, and lose weight when you eat less. But it’s much easier to gain than to lose. When trying to lose weight, many people struggle with the yo-yo effect—a cycle where they regain the weight they lost, sometimes gaining even more than before.

This happens because of our body’s natural survival mechanism. When calorie intake drops and weight starts to decrease, the body sees this as a potential threat. It lowers the basal metabolic rate to conserve energy and stimulates the appetite center in the brain, encouraging you to eat more and return to your previous weight.

How to Succeed in Dieting

Consistent exercise and better eating habits come first
Even when someone is motivated and reduces their food intake, weight loss can cause a sense of satisfaction that makes them let their guard down—and that’s when the weight often comes back. This is why it’s so important to stay focused and committed.

To prevent the yo-yo effect, you need to take a fundamental approach: build more muscle mass, raise your basal metabolic rate, and continue improving your eating habits long term.

9 Healthy Habits That Help Prevent Weight Gain

Exercise like your life depends on it, and eat just enough to stay alive

Don’t starve yourself—just eat smaller portions
Find fun ways to stay active—choose exercises or activities you enjoy
Keep a positive mindset—happy thoughts help lower stress eating
Sleep early and get deep rest—lack of sleep can trigger hunger
Avoid highly processed or overly spicy foods
Cut back on carbs and eat enough protein
Stay away from alcohol and snacks—drink water instead
Don’t skip breakfast, eat a hearty lunch, and have a light dinner
(Ideal meal ratio: 30% breakfast, 50% lunch, 20% dinner)
Reduce idle time—stay active even during your daily routine

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

Ear Disease Symptoms – Don’t Ignore the Warning Signs from Your Ears!

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Ear Disease. Let’s dive in!

The ears play many important roles in the body. Most people know them only as organs for hearing, but they also help maintain our sense of balance. The ear is divided into three parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. In the inner ear, the vestibular system detects gravity and acceleration, while the semicircular canals manage movement and the sensation of rotation.

Symptoms of Sudden Hearing Loss

If sounds suddenly seem quieter – it could be sudden hearing loss
When something goes wrong with the ears, it's often related to hearing problems. One of the most well-known conditions is sudden hearing loss. Just like its name, this condition involves a rapid decline in hearing. Sometimes the hearing may improve temporarily, then worsen again. If the sounds you normally hear begin to feel faint, or if you experience ringing in your ears (tinnitus), sudden hearing loss should be suspected.

Sudden hearing loss is diagnosed through a hearing test. It refers to a hearing loss of more than 30 decibels (dB) across multiple frequencies, occurring within 3 days. Along with tinnitus (such as a high-pitched ringing), symptoms may include dizziness or vertigo.

Causes of Sudden Hearing Loss

Can be triggered by viruses, immune disorders, or noise
Sudden hearing loss typically affects just one ear. It’s rare for both ears to be affected. In many cases, the cause is unknown, but it may be related to viral infections, blood vessel issues, or autoimmune diseases. Environmental factors, like exposure to loud noises, can also play a role.

Recently, there’s been an increase in people reporting sudden hearing loss after recovering from COVID-19. Although research into long COVID is still ongoing, it’s possible that a weakened immune system caused by COVID-19 infection may lead to sudden hearing loss.

Treatment for Sudden Hearing Loss

Early treatment is essential
If medication is started early, sudden hearing loss may fully recover within a year. However, outcomes vary. In some cases, it’s hard to regain hearing back to its original level. Studies show that up to 30% of patients with severe sudden hearing loss may lose their hearing permanently. If the initial hearing loss is severe or the condition progresses rapidly, delaying treatment can result in poor recovery.

Symptoms of Meniere’s Disease

Dizziness with ringing in the ears may point to Meniere’s Disease
Even if you don’t have hearing loss, persistent dizziness can also indicate an ear-related problem. One example is Meniere’s disease, which is named after the French physician Prosper Ménière. This condition is marked by both dizziness and tinnitus happening at the same time. It may feel like your ear is completely blocked, and it can lead to sudden episodes of intense vertigo.

Causes of Meniere’s Disease

May be linked to autoimmune issues or thyroid disorders
The exact cause of Meniere’s disease is still unclear. However, some reports suggest links to autoimmune conditions, metabolic disorders, or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

The condition often begins with hearing loss—especially in low frequencies. As the disease progresses, it can affect higher frequencies as well. Initially, hearing loss might occur only in one ear, similar to sudden hearing loss. But over time, it can impact both ears. In severe cases, dizziness becomes so intense that the person may not be able to stand. Nausea and vomiting due to vertigo are also possible.

Treatment for Meniere’s Disease

Early treatment and proper rest are key
For Meniere’s disease, early treatment and sufficient rest can help reduce symptoms. However, if the dizziness becomes intense enough to trigger full-blown episodes, medication is often required. If you start to notice signs like muffled sounds or ringing in your ears, it’s important to visit a doctor right away for early treatment.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

Acute and Chronic Rhinitis: Understanding the Root Causes and Symptoms Is the Key to Effective Treatment!

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Acute and Chronic Rhinitis. Let’s dive in!

Rhinitis is generally classified into two main types: allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis, depending on the cause. Allergic rhinitis is further divided into seasonal (triggered by specific seasons) and perennial (present all year round). Non-allergic rhinitis can be either infectious or non-infectious. Based on clinical patterns, rhinitis can also be categorized as acute (short-term) or chronic (long-lasting).

What Causes Acute and Chronic Rhinitis?

Chronic rhinitis can be divided into several types based on the cause:

Infectious rhinitis, caused by repeated infections
Vasomotor rhinitis, triggered by environmental irritants
Drug-induced rhinitis, caused by prolonged use of certain medications
Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, where the nasal mucosa and bone thicken over time

Infectious chronic rhinitis often develops when acute rhinitis is not treated properly and becomes a recurring infection. It can also occur due to chronic inflammation in the sinuses (sinusitis) or tonsils, or in individuals with poor overall health or weakened immune systems. This type is common among children and often accompanies chronic sinusitis.

Vasomotor rhinitis can be triggered by cold air, sudden changes in temperature or humidity, fatigue, stress, cigarette smoke, dust, or exposure to air conditioners or heaters.
Drug-induced rhinitis commonly occurs when nasal decongestant sprays are used for more than two weeks to manage symptoms like nasal congestion. Other medications, such as certain antihypertensives or vasodilators, can also irritate the nasal lining and cause rhinitis.

Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis develops when inflammation continues over time, regardless of the initial cause of the rhinitis.

What Are the Symptoms and Diagnosis of Acute/Chronic Rhinitis?

The most common symptom of chronic rhinitis is nasal congestion. It usually alternates between nostrils but can affect both sides in severe cases, making it difficult to breathe through the nose. This leads many patients to rely on mouth breathing. The symptoms often worsen at night and when lying on one side, as the lower nostril tends to swell.

Another typical symptom is runny nose (rhinorrhea). The discharge is usually clear but can turn yellow or greenish if there's a bacterial infection. Often, the mucus flows to the back of the throat—this is known as postnasal drip.

Other symptoms may include frequent sneezing attacks due to nerve exposure from inflammation, and a reduced or lost sense of smell. Chronic rhinitis may also lead to complications such as conjunctivitis or otitis media (middle ear infection).

How Is Rhinitis Treated and Managed?

In cases of infectious rhinitis, proper antibiotic treatment is usually effective. However, if it progresses to chronic hypertrophic rhinitis due to insufficient treatment, surgery may be necessary.

For vasomotor rhinitis, treatment typically includes topical nasal corticosteroids, which help with both congestion and runny nose. Depending on the symptoms, anticholinergic drugs may also be used. If the patient has structural issues like a deviated septum, surgical correction may enhance the effectiveness of medication.

Drug-induced rhinitis should be treated by discontinuing the responsible medication. Rhinitis caused by nasal decongestant sprays often resolves once the sprays are stopped for 2–3 weeks, allowing normal nasal function to return.

Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis may be treated with topical nasal corticosteroids or long-acting steroid injections. If these don’t work, surgical options such as turbinate reduction or resection may be considered.

How to Prevent or Minimize Rhinitis

Once rhinitis develops, it’s important to treat it early to prevent it from becoming chronic.
For vasomotor rhinitis, avoiding environmental triggers is key.
For drug-induced rhinitis, never use nasal decongestant sprays continuously for long periods without medical guidance.

Self-Care Tips for Managing Rhinitis

If you have chronic rhinitis, avoid environments that irritate your nasal passages and take extra care to prevent respiratory infections.

If you're experiencing:

Persistent nasal congestion and frequent runny nose
Frequent sneezing attacks or a weakened sense of smell
Symptoms that last a long time

…it’s best to consult with a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

Is Obesity a Matter of Personal Willpower? Misconceptions and Truths About Severe Obesity!

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Obesity. Let’s dive in!

Severe obesity, defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 35 or higher, is rapidly increasing.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2022, approximately 16% of the global adult population was classified as obese. This number has more than doubled since 1990.

This trend is particularly noticeable in men and younger age groups. Additionally, the rising rate of childhood and adolescent obesity suggests that severe obesity will continue to increase in the future.

Studies show that 80–90% of children and adolescents with obesity will become obese adults, increasing the risk of serious health complications.

The Complex Causes of Severe Obesity

Severe obesity is not caused by a single factor but is influenced by multiple complex reasons. Some of the main causes include:

Socioeconomic and educational factors – lower income and education levels
Mental health disorders – stress, depression, behavioral disorders, and eating disorders
Medications – certain drugs can cause weight gain
Sleep disorders – poor sleep patterns can contribute to obesity
Neurotransmitter imbalances – disruptions in serotonin, catecholamines, and histamine levels
High-calorie processed foods – cheap, unhealthy food options
Obesogenic environments – surroundings that promote unhealthy eating habits
Genetic predisposition – a family history of obesity

Obesity is also linked to mental health issues. Studies indicate that 15–60% of obese individuals seek psychiatric treatment, showing a strong connection between obesity and psychological factors.

Among patients undergoing bariatric surgery, 30% are also receiving psychiatric care.

Treating Severe Obesity with Bariatric Surgery

Severe obesity is associated with life-threatening health risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers.

According to the WHO, in 2019, 5 million deaths worldwide were linked to high BMI-related non-communicable diseases. (who.int)

The CDC reported that, between August 2021 and August 2023, 40.3% of U.S. adults were obese, with 9.4% classified as severely obese. (cdc.gov)

Due to these alarming statistics, bariatric surgery is considered a viable treatment option for patients with severe obesity.

This surgical intervention can:

Promote significant weight loss
Improve obesity-related complications
Enhance overall quality of life

However, the degree of weight loss and health improvement varies for each individual.

Many patients hesitate to undergo surgery due to fear and misunderstandings, but it is important to recognize that obesity is not just a lifestyle issue but a medical condition requiring appropriate treatment.

Misconceptions About Severe Obesity Delay Treatment

Many people still believe that obesity results from laziness or a lack of willpower, but this is not true.

Obesity is a medically recognized disease, and it cannot be solved simply through determination or lifestyle changes, especially in cases of severe obesity.

Our bodies have a built-in weight-regulation mechanism, known as the set point. When a person loses weight, their body perceives it as damage and works to restore the lost weight.

To do this, the brain and gut release hormones that trigger intense hunger and slow metabolism.

Since this process occurs in the hypothalamus, which controls basic survival instincts, it cannot be overridden by willpower—just like a person cannot control their heartbeat at will.

Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: What to Expect

In South Korea, the two most commonly performed bariatric surgeries are:

Sleeve Gastrectomy (68% of procedures)
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (9.5% of procedures)

The adjustable gastric band procedure, which gained notoriety due to a high-profile case, is now rarely performed due to severe complications.

1. Sleeve Gastrectomy

This procedure removes a large portion of the stomach, reducing its size to 80–100cc.

Reduces hunger by eliminating ghrelin, the hormone responsible for appetite
Lower risk of long-term nutrient deficiencies compared to gastric bypass
Fewer post-surgical complications

However, studies suggest that weight loss effects may be slightly lower compared to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

2. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

This surgery creates a small stomach pouch (around 30cc) that is connected directly to the small intestine, bypassing the rest of the stomach and duodenum.

Reduces food intake and absorption
Can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes
Effective for severe obesity and metabolic conditions

However, long-term vitamin deficiencies (e.g., B12 and D) may occur, increasing the risk of anemia and osteoporosis.

Which Surgery is Better?

If the main goal is treating type 2 diabetes, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass is preferred.
If a patient smokes, they may have a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and should consider Sleeve Gastrectomy instead.

| Expected Weight Loss Timeline

First 3 months – Rapid weight loss of 20% of body weight
First year – Additional 10% weight loss
After 1 year – Weight stabilizes

Long-term studies show that after 5–10 years:

Weight loss is more stable with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Patients who undergo Sleeve Gastrectomy may regain about 5% of their lost weight

Is Surgery the Only Solution for Severe Obesity?

Experts emphasize that bariatric surgery is currently the only long-term solution for severe obesity.

While new obesity medications claim to help patients lose 20% of their body weight, they are not yet a standalone treatment.

Once medication is discontinued, most patients regain the lost weight, making them a temporary or supplementary option rather than a permanent solution.

For individuals with severe obesity, bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment for sustained weight loss and health improvement.

Your health buddy is here for you. Wishing you a healthy and happy day ahead. Stay well!💖

About Me

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Angelman Syndrome. Let’s dive in!

What is Angelman Syndrome?

Causes of Angelman Syndrome

Common Symptoms of Angelman Syndrome

Treatment Options

Prevention and Support Strategies

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Autism. Let’s dive in!

OCD is more common than we think — and easy to overlook

What exactly is OCD?

How common is OCD?

What are the symptoms of OCD?

What causes OCD?

When should you seek treatment?

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ASL) or Lou Gehrig's Disease. Let’s dive in!

Definition

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnosis and Testing

Treatment

Prognosis and Complications

Hello, it’s your health buddy! Let’s feel better together. Today, I’m here to share some symptom insights and helpful tips about Obesity. Let’s dive in!

The Complex Causes of Severe Obesity

Treating Severe Obesity with Bariatric Surgery

Misconceptions About Severe Obesity Delay Treatment

Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: What to Expect

1. Sleeve Gastrectomy

2. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Which Surgery is Better?

| Expected Weight Loss Timeline

Is Surgery the Only Solution for Severe Obesity?

Know Your Symptoms